Where we looked
74 public sources. Nothing else.
This is the list the citation gate enforces. If an authority is not on one of these domains, the memo says not found and leaves it on the table for you to decide. Every source here is one you can open, for free, from the link in the memo.
- UK and Ireland
- 44
- EU
- 18
- International
- 12
44 sources
UK and Ireland
BAILII
case lawFree-access transcripts of judgments from UK and Irish courts and tribunals.
bailii.org
Find Case Law
case lawThe official National Archives register of court judgments, published under the Open Justice licence.
caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk
Supreme Court
case lawJudgments and press summaries of the UK's final court of appeal.
supremecourt.uk
Privy Council
case lawJudgments of the Privy Council, the final court of appeal for some Commonwealth jurisdictions and professional bodies.
jcpc.uk
Judiciary
case lawJudgments, practice guidance and sentencing remarks published directly by the courts of England and Wales.
judiciary.uk
Scottish Courts
case lawJudgments of the Scottish courts, from the Court of Session to the sheriff courts.
scotcourts.gov.uk
NI Judiciary
case lawJudgments of the Northern Ireland courts.
judiciaryni.uk
IPT
case lawRulings on complaints about surveillance and the use of investigatory powers by public bodies.
ipt-uk.com
legislation.gov.uk
legislationThe official revised text of UK primary and secondary legislation, maintained by the National Archives.
legislation.gov.uk
National Archives
standards bodyThe UK government's official archive, and publisher of legislation.gov.uk and Find Case Law.
nationalarchives.gov.uk
Parliament
parliamentBills, committee reports and proceedings of the House of Commons and House of Lords.
parliament.uk
Hansard
parliamentThe official verbatim record of debates in both Houses of Parliament.
hansard.parliament.uk
FCA
regulatorRules, guidance, enforcement notices and policy statements for UK financial services.
fca.org.uk
FCA Handbook
regulatorThe consolidated, versioned rulebook that sits behind FCA policy statements.
handbook.fca.org.uk
PRA Rulebook
regulatorThe rulebook of the Prudential Regulation Authority for banks, insurers and large investment firms.
prarulebook.co.uk
Bank of England
regulatorPublications, policy statements and supervisory statements from the UK's central bank.
bankofengland.co.uk
Pensions Regulator
regulatorCodes of practice and guidance for UK workplace pension schemes.
thepensionsregulator.gov.uk
SRA
regulatorThe SRA Standards and Regulations, guidance and enforcement decisions for solicitors in England and Wales.
sra.org.uk
Bar Standards Board
regulatorThe regulatory code and guidance for barristers in England and Wales.
barstandardsboard.org.uk
CILEx Regulation
regulatorRegulation of chartered legal executives in England and Wales.
cilexregulation.org.uk
Law Society
regulatorPractice notes and representative guidance for solicitors in England and Wales.
lawsociety.org.uk
Law Society of Scotland
regulatorThe regulatory and representative body for Scottish solicitors.
lawscot.org.uk
SDT
regulatorPublished decisions of the tribunal that hears solicitor misconduct cases.
solicitorstribunal.org.uk
ICO
regulatorGuidance, decision notices and enforcement action under UK data protection and freedom of information law.
ico.org.uk
ASA
regulatorRulings on complaints under the UK advertising codes (CAP and BCAP).
asa.org.uk
Ofcom
regulatorRegulation and enforcement decisions for UK communications, broadcasting and postal services.
ofcom.org.uk
Ofgem
regulatorEconomic regulation and enforcement decisions for the UK gas and electricity markets.
ofgem.gov.uk
Ofwat
regulatorEconomic regulation and enforcement decisions for the water industry in England and Wales.
ofwat.gov.uk
ORR
regulatorEconomic and safety regulation of the railway, and monitoring of the strategic road network.
orr.gov.uk
CAA
regulatorSafety, economic and consumer regulation of UK civil aviation.
caa.co.uk
Food Standards Agency
regulatorFood safety and food hygiene guidance and enforcement policy.
food.gov.uk
Gambling Commission
regulatorLicensing conditions, codes of practice and enforcement action for the gambling industry.
gamblingcommission.gov.uk
HSE
regulatorGuidance and enforcement notices on workplace health and safety.
hse.gov.uk
EHRC
regulatorStatutory codes of practice and guidance on equality and human rights law.
equalityhumanrights.com
GOV.UK
regulatorGovernment guidance across departments, including practical guidance such as opting out of the 48-hour week.
gov.uk
Acas
regulatorStatutory codes of practice and guidance on employment relations, including disciplinary and grievance procedures.
acas.org.uk
CPS
regulatorProsecution guidance and charging standards for England and Wales.
cps.gov.uk
Sentencing Council
regulatorSentencing guidelines for courts in England and Wales.
sentencingcouncil.org.uk
Financial Ombudsman
ombudsmanPublished decisions resolving disputes between consumers and financial services firms.
financial-ombudsman.org.uk
Pensions Ombudsman
ombudsmanDeterminations resolving complaints about the administration of workplace pension schemes.
pensions-ombudsman.org.uk
Legal Ombudsman
ombudsmanDecisions resolving complaints about legal services provided by regulated firms.
legalombudsman.org.uk
Irish Courts
case lawJudgments of the Irish courts.
courts.ie
Irish Statute Book
legislationThe official text of Irish primary and secondary legislation.
irishstatutebook.ie
Irish DPC
regulatorGuidance and decisions of Ireland's data protection regulator, lead authority for many multinational GDPR cases.
dataprotection.ie
18 sources
EU
EUR-Lex
legislationThe official, consolidated text of EU treaties, regulations, directives and case law summaries.
eur-lex.europa.eu
CURIA
case lawJudgments and opinions of the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU.
curia.europa.eu
HUDOC
case lawJudgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.
hudoc.echr.coe.int
EBA
regulatorTechnical standards, guidelines and opinions for EU banking regulation.
eba.europa.eu
ESMA
regulatorGuidelines, Q&As and technical standards for EU securities and markets regulation.
esma.europa.eu
EIOPA
regulatorGuidelines and technical standards for EU insurance and pensions regulation.
eiopa.europa.eu
EDPB
regulatorGuidelines and binding decisions coordinating GDPR enforcement across EU supervisory authorities.
edpb.europa.eu
ENISA
standards bodyGuidance and technical reports on cybersecurity standards across the EU.
enisa.europa.eu
Légifrance
legislationThe official French government portal for French legislation and case law.
legifrance.gouv.fr
Bundesgerichtshof
case lawJudgments of Germany's Federal Court of Justice.
bundesgerichtshof.de
openJur
case lawA free-access database of German court judgments.
openjur.de
Italgiure
case lawThe Italian Supreme Court of Cassation's case law database.
italgiure.giustizia.it
Normattiva
legislationThe official consolidated text of Italian legislation.
normattiva.it
BOE
legislationSpain's official state gazette, publishing legislation and official notices.
boe.es
Rechtspraak
case lawThe Dutch judiciary's public database of court judgments.
rechtspraak.nl
DRE
legislationPortugal's official gazette, publishing legislation and official acts.
dre.pt
ISAP
legislationThe Polish parliament's official database of legislative acts.
isap.sejm.gov.pl
Austrian RIS
legislationAustria's official legal information system, publishing legislation and court decisions.
ris.bka.gv.at
12 sources
International
UN Treaties
treatyThe official register of multilateral treaties deposited with the UN Secretary-General.
treaties.un.org
OECD
standards bodyModel rules, guidelines and reports, including on tax and AI governance, agreed among member states.
oecd.org
FATF
standards bodyInternational standards and mutual evaluation reports on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing.
fatf-gafi.org
IOSCO
standards bodyPrinciples and standards for securities regulation agreed among member regulators.
iosco.org
BIS
standards bodyPublications and standards from the Basel Committee and other bodies hosted by the BIS.
bis.org
FSB
standards bodyRecommendations and reports on global financial system stability.
fsb.org
UNCITRAL
treatyModel laws and conventions on international trade law, including arbitration.
uncitral.un.org
HCCH
treatyMultilateral conventions on private international law, including jurisdiction and service of documents.
hcch.net
WIPO
treatyInternational IP treaties and administration of international filing systems such as the Madrid and PCT systems.
wipo.int
WTO
treatyTrade agreements and dispute settlement rulings among member states.
wto.org
WorldLII
case lawA free-access portal aggregating case law and legislation databases from around the world.
worldlii.org
CommonLII
case lawA free-access database of case law and legislation from Commonwealth jurisdictions.
commonlii.org
Ten domains
Refused by name.
Two reasons, both about you. We will not send your client's material into a subscription service your firm has not licensed. And we will not cite an authority behind a paywall you cannot open, because an unopenable citation is a claim, not a citation.
- westlaw.co.ukWestlaw UK
- westlaw.comWestlaw
- uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.comPractical Law
- lexisnexis.comLexisNexis
- lexisnexis.co.ukLexisNexis UK
- lexis.comLexis
- bloomberglaw.comBloomberg Law
- justis.comJustis
- vlex.comvLex
- vlex.co.ukvLex UK
If your firm has enabled a jurisdiction the catalogue has no list for, the memo says so. Research there runs at open-web quality, and the product will not claim a closed world it did not have.