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Banking and finance · Banking fee-earner, borrower-side in-house counsel, finance director

Review the covenants in a facility agreement

A borrower is taking a five-year term facility and the finance director wants to know what the covenants would do to next year's plan. The review reads the covenants, the definitions behind them and the default provisions as one connected set.

First draft
A covenant analysis with the headroom worked out comes back from one run before the drawdown decision.

The problem

Financial covenants are meaningless without the definitions, and the definitions are where the negotiation actually happened. An adjusted earnings definition that excludes certain add-backs, a gearing test measured on a rolling basis with a different reference period, and a cross-default triggered by any group company can each turn a comfortable plan into a breach.
  1. Step 01 of 05

    Add the agreement and the model

    The facility agreement, the borrower's three-year financial model and the existing intercompany loan documents are uploaded to one matter.

    Matters · Project Halcyon · SPA warranties and disclosureOpen

    Project Halcyon: SPA warranties and disclosure

    Buy-side warranty review, disclosure analysis and cited due-diligence grid.

    Client
    Halcyon Bidco Ltd
    Reference
    WC-2026-0412
    Practice area
    Corporate / M&A
    Jurisdiction
    England and Wales
    Responsible partner
    E. Vance
    No conflict check on file.

    Chat, on this matter

    Compare warranties with the disclosure letter.

    Three high-priority exceptions require action: the unregistered charge, the change-of-control right and the tribunal claim.

    Send a message… (@ to mention tools)BalancedPrepare for
    1. 25 Aug

      Disclosure exceptions matrix

      Chat

    2. 21 Aug

      Disclosure exceptions matrix

      Run · completed · 560 credits

    3. 18 Aug

      Project Halcyon: Disclosure Letter

      Document · indexed

    4. 16 Aug

      Project Halcyon: Share Purchase Agreement

      Document · indexed

    5. 4 Aug

      Matter opened

      Opened

  2. Step 02 of 05

    Run the covenant analysis

    Prepare for: Work-Stream Memo. Each financial covenant is read together with every defined term it uses, and the test is restated in the words a finance director would use.

    Agents · Contract Agent · New runMatter: Northgate · senior associate hire

    Agent

    Jurisdiction

    Prepare for

    Deliver as

    Instruction

    What should the agent look for?

    Documents

    Drop a contract, or pick one from the matter

    Also on the matter

    • Offer_letter_v3.pdf2 pages
    • Staff_handbook_2025.docx61 pages
    • Board_minute_14_Aug.pdf3 pages
    Platform model · zero data retention · audit register on
  3. Step 03 of 05

    Read the headroom

    The gearing test is applied to the model's own figures and shows headroom narrowing to under ten per cent in the second year, on the definitions as drafted.

    Agents · Contract Agent · Employment Contract Compliance ReviewCompleted
    6 items need your confirmation14 authorities · Where we looked

    Senior Associate Employment Contract: English Law Review

    Summary

    1. 1.

      Clause 9(c), non-competeHigh

      The 12-month prohibition on working for any law firm anywhere in the UK, Ireland or EU, in any capacity, is almost certainly wider than reasonably necessary and therefore unlikely to be enforceable.

      Tillman v Egon Zehnder Ltd [2019] UKSC 32
    2. 2.

      Clause 11, data and monitoringHigh

      Blanket contractual consent is not an adequate basis for general employment processing, special-category data or unrestricted monitoring.

      UK GDPR, Arts 6 and 9
    3. 3.

      Clause 4, holiday carry-overHigh

      The unconditional five-day cap conflicts with mandatory carry-over rights where sickness, statutory leave or employer failure prevents leave being taken.

      Working Time Regulations 1998, regs 13 to 13A
  4. Step 04 of 05

    Check what a breach triggers

    The memo follows a covenant breach through to the events of default, the cure rights and the cross-default that reaches the intercompany loans.

    Agents · Contract Agent · Employment Contract Compliance ReviewCompleted
    6 items need your confirmation14 authorities · Where we looked

    Senior Associate Employment Contract: English Law Review

    Summary

    1. 1.

      Clause 9(c), non-competeHigh

      The 12-month prohibition on working for any law firm anywhere in the UK, Ireland or EU, in any capacity, is almost certainly wider than reasonably necessary and therefore unlikely to be enforceable.

      Tillman v Egon Zehnder Ltd [2019] UKSC 32
    2. 2.

      Clause 11, data and monitoringHigh

      Blanket contractual consent is not an adequate basis for general employment processing, special-category data or unrestricted monitoring.

      UK GDPR, Arts 6 and 9
    3. 3.

      Clause 4, holiday carry-overHigh

      The unconditional five-day cap conflicts with mandatory carry-over rights where sickness, statutory leave or employer failure prevents leave being taken.

      Working Time Regulations 1998, regs 13 to 13A
  5. Step 05 of 05

    Set the negotiating list

    Action items name the three definitions worth negotiating, the information undertaking that is unusually frequent, and the cure right the borrower should ask for.

    Agents · Contract Agent · Employment Contract Compliance ReviewCompleted
    • Replace the UK/Ireland/EU non-compete with a 3 to 6 month restriction tied to competing corporate-law work.

    • Replace blanket data consent with a lawful-basis clause and a separate monitoring notice.

    • Remove the five-day carry-over cap and reference the statutory carry-over rules.

    • Narrow the client non-solicit to clients dealt with in the final 12 months.

    • Add an explicit working-time opt-out withdrawal mechanism.

    • Confirm the bonus clause states the discretion is exercised in good faith.

What comes back

A document, not a transcript.

  • Each financial covenant restated with its defined terms folded in, in plain commercial language.
  • Headroom applied to the borrower's own model, with the year the test tightens identified.
  • The consequences of a breach traced through to cross-default and the intercompany position.
  • Three definitions to negotiate and a cure right to request, with drafting for each.

Authorities it checks

  • Insolvency Act 1986, s 123
  • Companies Act 2006, s 859A
Every source it may cite

What it does not do

  • It does not audit the financial model. The figures are the borrower's and are used as supplied.
  • It does not negotiate with the lender or approach the agent.
  • It does not advise on whether the facility is the right funding structure, which is outside what it reads.

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